Can my dog have dairy products like cow’s milk and cheese?

While some dogs can handle small amounts of dairy, many dogs are lactose intolerant to varying degrees, meaning they have trouble digesting lactose, the sugar found in dairy products like cow's milk. If a lactose-intolerant dog consumes dairy, it can lead to gastrointestinal upset, including diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach pain.

1. **Milk:** Cow's milk is typically not recommended for dogs. Even if your dog is not lactose intolerant, cow's milk is not an ideal food for them. It's high in fat and sugars and can contribute to obesity and dental problems if given in excess.

2. **Cheese:** Cheese is often easier for dogs to digest because the fermentation process reduces the lactose content. Small amounts of plain cheese (like cheddar or mozzarella) can be used as treats, but avoid any cheeses with added flavors or spices, as these could be harmful. Also, remember that cheese is high in fat, so too much can contribute to obesity and other health issues such as pancreatitis.

3. **Other Dairy Products:** Other dairy products like yogurt and cottage cheese can be easier for dogs to digest due to their lower lactose content. However, it's important to avoid products with added sugars or artificial sweeteners, especially xylitol, which is extremely toxic to dogs. Again, these should only be given in moderation due to their high fat and calorie content.

Always introduce new foods into your dog's diet gradually, and observe for any adverse reactions. Every dog is different, and what works for one might not work for another. Additionally, it's best to provide your dog with a balanced diet formulated specifically for their species, life stage, and health status, along with plenty of clean, fresh water. Always consult with a vet if you're unsure about a particular food item or supplement for your dog.